Each frequency of signal transmitted and received is analysed to determine the interaction produced in absolute measurements. This phenomenon is used in different disciplines and working environments, geoscience or medical disciplines are examples where the use of electromagnetic waves provides non-intrusive applications with clear benefits. The interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the analysed medium depends on the range of frequency used. The conventional systems use the emission, transmission and reception of waves at a specific frequency range to detect medium parameters (constant dielectric, permittivity, conductivity or permeability) of an analysed area. The interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter has led to the development of applications to detect and characterise them. A new microstrip sensor that uses differential time measures is proposed to show the possibilities of this method. Differential method introduce advantages in measure processes and promote new sensors development. The experimental results, based on simulations, show that it is possible to obtain benefits from the behavior of the wave-medium interaction using differential measurement on reception of electromagnetic waves at different frequencies or environmental conditions. In this work a method based in differential measurement technique is proposed as a novel way of detecting and characterizing electromagnetic matter characteristics using sensors based on a microstrip patch. Electromagnetic waves are transmitted and analyzed in the receiver to determine the interaction produced. Different disciplines use this interaction and provides non-intrusive applications with clear benefits, remote sensing, earth sciences (geology, atmosphere, hydrosphere), biological or medical disciplines use this interaction and provides non-intrusive applications with clear benefits. How the electromagnetic wave responds when it interacts with the material media depends on the range of frequency used and the medium parameters. Parameters like constant dielectric represent matter characteristics and they are identified using emission, interaction and reception of electromagnetic radiation in adapted environmental conditions. The interaction process is of great importance to the sensing applications that characterize material media. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that interacts with matter.
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